What does ESR 35 mean in a woman, and what are the reasons for increased ESR?

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What could a decrease in ESR mean?

With reduced ESR levels, there is a decrease or absence of the ability of red blood cells to unite and form erythrocyte “columns”.

Reasons leading to a decrease in ESR:

• A change in the shape of red blood cells that does not allow them to form “coin columns” (spherocytosis, sickling).
• Increased blood viscosity, which prevents erythrocyte sedimentation, especially with severe erythremia (increased number of red blood cells).
• Changes in the acid-base balance of the blood towards a decrease in pH.

Diseases and conditions leading to changes in blood counts:

• The release of bile acids is a consequence of obstructive jaundice;
• Sickle cell anemia;
• High bilirubin levels;
• Insufficient fibrinogen levels;
• Reactive erythrocytosis;
• Chronic circulatory failure;
• Erythremia.

In men, an ESR below normal is almost impossible to notice. In addition, this indicator is not of great importance for diagnosis. Symptoms of decreased ESR are hyperthermia, tachycardia, fever. They may be harbingers of an infectious disease or inflammatory process, or signs of changes in hematological characteristics.

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ESR in blood test

The essence of testing blood for ESR is that red blood cells are the heaviest elements of blood plasma. If you place a test tube with blood vertically for some time, it will separate into fractions - a thick sediment of brown red blood cells at the bottom, and translucent blood plasma with the rest of the blood elements at the top. This separation occurs under the influence of gravity.

Red blood cells have a peculiarity - under certain conditions they “stick” together, forming cell complexes. Since their mass is much greater than the mass of individual red blood cells, they settle to the bottom of the test tube faster. During the inflammatory process occurring in the body, the rate of red blood cell union increases or, conversely, decreases. Accordingly, the ESR increases or decreases.

The accuracy of blood testing depends on the following factors:

• Proper preparation for analysis;
• Qualifications of the laboratory assistant conducting the research;
• Quality of the reagents used.

If all requirements are met, you can be confident in the objectivity of the research result.

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What is ESR and how is the level determined?

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is very important in diagnosis, although it is not the only indicator and does not have a constant fixed level. ESR allows you to suspect the presence of any disease in the body or determine the general health of the patient.

There are several ways to determine this indicator, but in our country, most clinics and laboratories use the Panchenkov method, in which capillary blood (from a finger) is taken from the patient for testing.

The essence of the technique is that if the resulting blood is mixed with a substance that prevents its clotting (in this case, sodium citrate is used), then over a period of time the mixture is divided into red blood cells, which form the lower layer, and transparent blood plasma, which makes up the upper layer. layer in the vessel.

The research time usually takes 1 hour, of which:

• The first 10 minutes are necessary for the natural formation of “coin columns,” that is, accumulations of red blood cells and their alignment in a vertical position (columns).
• Then, within 40 minutes, the mass settles, since red blood cells have much greater weight compared to plasma.
• And during the last 10 minutes, the settled red blood cells thicken and stick together.

The process of erythrocyte sedimentation itself is associated with special physical and chemical properties of human blood, which allows doctors to judge the general condition of the body and promptly identify problems in it.

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Preparation for the procedure and blood sampling

Indications for determining ESR are monitoring the appearance and intensity of the inflammatory process in various diseases and their prevention. Deviations from the norm indicate the need for a biochemical blood test to clarify the level of certain proteins. It is impossible to make a specific diagnosis based on ESR testing alone.

The analysis takes from 5 to 10 minutes. Before donating blood to determine ESR, you should not eat for 4 hours. This concludes the preparation for donating blood.

Sequence of capillary blood sampling:

• The third or fourth finger of the left hand is wiped with alcohol.
• A shallow incision (2-3 mm) is made on the fingertip with a special tool.
• Remove any drop of blood that appears with a sterile napkin.
• Biomaterial is collected.
• Disinfect the puncture site.
• Apply a cotton swab soaked in ether to the fingertip and ask to press the finger against the palm to stop the bleeding as quickly as possible.

Sequence of venous blood sampling:

• The patient's forearm is tied with a rubber band.
• The puncture site is disinfected with alcohol, and a needle is inserted into the vein of the elbow.
• Collect the required amount of blood in a test tube.
• Remove the needle from the vein.
• The puncture site is disinfected with cotton wool and alcohol.
• The arm is bent at the elbow until the bleeding stops.

Blood taken for analysis is examined to determine ESR.

How to return ESR to normal

To normalize ESR laboratory testing, the cause of such changes should be found. Most likely, you will have to undergo a course of treatment prescribed by your doctor, additional laboratory and instrumental studies. An accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment of the disease will help bring ESR levels back to normal. For adults this will take 2-4 weeks, for children – up to one and a half months.

In case of iron deficiency anemia, the ESR reaction will return to normal by consuming enough foods containing iron and protein. If the cause of the deviation from the norm is a passion for dieting, fasting, or physiological conditions such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, menstruation, the ESR will return to normal after the health status returns to normal.

If ESR is increased

If the ESR level is elevated, natural physiological causes should first be excluded: old age in women and men, menstruation, pregnancy, and the postpartum period in women.

Attention! 5% of the inhabitants of the Earth have a congenital feature - their ROE indicators differ from the norm without any reason or pathological processes.

If there are no physiological reasons, there are the following reasons for increased ESR:

• Anemia,
• Inflammatory process,
• Malignant tumors
• Intoxication,
• Kidney diseases,
• Acute or chronic infections,
• Cardiogenic, painful or anaphylactic shock,
• Myocardial infarction,
• Burns, injuries,
• Condition after surgery.

In addition, therapy with estrogen and glucocorticosteroids can affect the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction.

If ESR is reduced

Reasons for decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate:

• Violation of water-salt metabolism;
• Progressive muscular dystrophy;
• 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy;
• Taking corticosteroids;
• Vegetarian diet;
• Starvation.

If there is a deviation from the norm, you should consult a doctor to find out the cause of this health condition.

ESR is higher than normal

An increase in ESR has a lot of reasons, but practical cases show that there are groups of diseases when the sedimentation rate is always increased:

• anemia;
• stroke, heart attack;
• metabolic failures (diabetes, obesity);
• kidney and liver diseases;
• poisoning, intoxication;
• diseases of the endocrine system.
• leukemia, myeloma, lymphoma;
• autoimmune pathologies;
• malignant tumors;
• injuries, fractures;
• bleeding;
• arthritis.

According to statistics, 40 percent of excess ESR norms are due to infectious diseases (pneumonia, urinary tract infections, tuberculosis). An increase in reaction can be provoked by relatively safe factors:

• taking certain medications, oral contraceptives;
• menstruation;
• allergy;
• violation of the dietary regime before analysis;
• smoking, drinking alcohol;
• period after childbirth, surgery - the rate may remain elevated for a month or more.